Atopic Dermatitis - Symptom, Treatment and cause of Atopic Dermatitis
DESCRIPTION: An abnormal reaction of skin to an irritating substance. CAUSE: Atopy is the tendency to develop a sudden, excessive sensitivityto a substance. It is similar to allergy, but not the same, as noprevious exposure to the substance is required. The rash may betriggered by changes in climate or diet, stress or fibres in clothing,and tends to occur in areas where the skin folds in upon itself (eg.groin, arm pits, inside elbows, eyelids). It is more common in winterand urban areas, has a peak incidence between 6 and 12 months of age,and there is an hereditary tendency. Up to a third of the population areatopic, but only 5% of children will develop this skin condition. SYMPTOMS: Extremely itchy rash, but any blisters that form are rapidlydestroyed by scratching which changes the normal appearance of theeczema, so that it appears as red, scaly, grazed skin that may beweeping because of a secondary bacterial infection. With repeatedirritation, the skin may become hard, thickened, and pebbly. INVESTIGATIONS: In most cases, the responsible substance cannot beidentified. Skin and blood tests can be performed to tell if a personhas an atopic tendency. TREATMENT: Soothing moisturising creams, steroid creams to reduceinflammation and itch, and soap substitutes to prevent drying the skin.In severe cases, steroid and antihistamine tablets are necessary. COMPLICATIONS: A secondary infection of the rash may occur, resulting inenlarged and tender lymph nodes in the neck, groin and armpit. PROGNOSIS: No cure, but effective control can be obtained in the mostcases. The majority of children grow out of the condition.
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